Over 1,000 civilians flee Sittwe amid tension between Myanmar junta and ethnic army

They fear becoming targets of bombings, sniper fire or airstrikes.

More than 1,000 civilians have fled Rakhine state’s capital Sittwe and nearby areas in western Myanmar, fearing heavy artillery attacks as tensions rise between junta forces and the Arakan Army, an ethnic armed group that has advanced on junta positions, residents said Friday.

Ongoing exchanges of fire between junta soldiers and the Arakan Army, or AA, in nearby villages, have prompted residents to seek safe havens out of concern that they might be hit by bombs, sniper fire, drone strikes or air strikes, should the conflict escalate.

Of the 17 townships in Rakhine state, 14 are under the control of the AA, leaving only three — Sittwe, the military council’s regional headquarters, Kyaukphyu and Munaung — still in the hands of the military junta.

A Myanmar junta armored vehicle burns after Arakan Army forces attacked a column that left Sittwe in Rakhine state on Feb. 28, 2024.
myanmar-rakhine-fighting-sittwe-02 A Myanmar junta armored vehicle burns after Arakan Army forces attacked a column that left Sittwe in western Myanmar's Rakhine state, Feb. 28, 2024. (Arakan Army Info Desk)

Observers believe that the AA soon could launch an offensive against Sittwe.

And because of this, civilians say they fear getting trapped in the crossfire of heavy artillery used by junta battalions based in Sittwe if the AA strikes.

Sittwe is crucial for the junta — which seized control of Myanmar in a 2021 coup d’état — not only as a source of much-needed revenue and foreign currency, but also for its role in Myanmar’s oil and gas trade via the Indian Ocean.

Besides Sittwe, people in Rathedaung, Pauktaw and Ponnagyun —townships close to Sittwe — are also leaving their homes out of fear of direct attacks, said a Rathedaung resident who spoke on condition of anonymity for safety reasons.

Sittwe township, Rakhine State, Myanmar, is seen May 15, 2023.
myanmar-rakhine-fighting-sittwe-03 An aerial view of Sittwe township in western Myanmar's Rakhine state, May 15, 2023. (AP)

“Some already fled from Sittwe township, but now they find themselves forced to flee again, adding to their hardships,” the person said. “Many are struggling due to a lack of warm clothing for winter and severe shortages of basic necessities after being displaced.”

Junta fortifies positions

The junta’s blockade of transportation routes in Rakhine state, which has made travel for displaced civilians difficult, has compounded the situation, they said.

Sittwe residents told RFA that the AA has surrounded the city with a large number of troops while the military junta has fortified its positions, increasing its military presence with battalions outside the city, in areas of Sittwe, and at Sittwe University, in preparation for a defensive stand.


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Additionally, thousands of Rohingya — a stateless ethnic group that predominantly follows Islam and resides in Rakhine state — have been given military training by the junta, sources said.

“The army is shooting; the navy is also shooting,” said a Sittwe resident. “People are afraid. They don’t know when the fighting will start.”

AA’s heavy artillery

The AA has already fired heavy artillery and used snipers. Local news reports on Jan. 27 indicated that daily exchanges of fire were occurring between the ethnic army and junta forces, including the use of attack drones.

War-displaced persons fleeing Sittwe city, Rakhine State, Myanmar, Jan. 29, 2025.
myanmar-rakhine-fighting-sittwe-04 Civilians displaced by armed conflict flee Sittwe, capital of western Myanmar's Rakhine state, Jan. 29, 2025. (Wai Hun Aung)

Attempts by RFA to contact both AA spokesperson Khaing Thu Kha and junta spokesperson and Rakhine state attorney general Hla Thein for comment on the issue went unanswered by the time of publishing.

Human rights advocate Myat Tun said he believes the AA will resort to military action in Sittwe if political negotiations fail.

“The situation in Sittwe is escalating,” he said. “The AA is preparing to take military action if political solutions are not reached.”

Translated by Aung Naing for RFA Burmese. Edited by Roseanne Gerin and Malcolm Foster.